The first character of a VIN is the start of its World Manufacturer Identifier, and it names the world region the vehicle was built in. For nine characters it settles the country outright; for the rest it needs the second character as well, so this table leaves those blank rather than guessing.
Looking up a specific vehicle? The decoder reads the country straight from NHTSA's VPIC database, which resolves the ambiguous characters properly.
| Character | Region | Country |
|---|---|---|
| A | Africa | Needs the second character |
| B | Africa | Needs the second character |
| C | Africa | Needs the second character |
| D | Africa | Needs the second character |
| E | Africa | Needs the second character |
| F | Africa | Needs the second character |
| G | Africa | Needs the second character |
| H | Africa | Needs the second character |
| J | Asia | Japan |
| K | Asia | Needs the second character |
| L | Asia | China |
| M | Asia | Needs the second character |
| N | Asia | Needs the second character |
| P | Asia | Needs the second character |
| R | Asia | Needs the second character |
| S | Europe | Needs the second character |
| T | Europe | Needs the second character |
| U | Europe | Needs the second character |
| V | Europe | Needs the second character |
| W | Europe | Germany |
| X | Europe | Needs the second character |
| Y | Europe | Needs the second character |
| Z | Europe | Needs the second character |
| 1 | North America | United States |
| 2 | North America | Canada |
| 3 | North America | Needs the second character |
| 4 | North America | United States |
| 5 | North America | United States |
| 6 | Oceania | Australia |
| 7 | Oceania | New Zealand |
| 8 | South America | Needs the second character |
| 9 | South America | Needs the second character |
I, O and Q never appear in a VIN — they are too easily confused with 1 and 0 — so they are absent from this table, as is 0, which is unassigned as a first character.
Source: ISO 3780 world regions; country assignments as implemented in @vinfoundry/core, the same code the decoder uses.